During a barium enema, a liquid containing barium is inserted through the rectum and into the colon. The barium coats the lining of the colon, making it visible on X-ray images. As the barium flows through the colon, X-rays are taken from different angles to create a series of images that can be used to evaluate the structure and function of the colon.
Barium enemas may be used to diagnose a variety of conditions that affect the colon, including polyps, tumors, inflammation, and obstructions. They may also be used to evaluate symptoms such as abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, or unexplained weight loss.
Barium enemas are generally considered safe, although some people may experience mild discomfort or cramping during the procedure. In rare cases, complications such as perforation or infection of the colon may occur. Your healthcare provider will discuss the risks and benefits of the procedure with you before it is performed.